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I Passed for White is a low-budget Hollywood film based on the 1955 novel, I Passed For White, by Reba Lee “as told by” Mary Hastings Bradley. The 1960 film follows the fair-skinned Bernice Lee, played by Sonya Wilde. Unhappy with how…

Black Like Me is a documentary-style film based on the 1961 nonfiction book, Black Like Me, by journalist John Howard Griffin. The film was released in 1964 and centers on a white journalist, John Finley Horton. Horton, whose story is based on the…

During the 1964 Freedom Summer campaign RichardBeymercaptured a photo of a Freedom School sign in the Mississippi Delta. Beymerwas one of many professional photographers hired by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), which wasmade up of…

The photographStudent Powerevokes a sense of collective identity that is not only a representation of the people participating but alsoof the collective experienceof student activism during the Civil Rights Movement. This photo shows a student…

This photoportraysan organization meeting. All of the subjects in the picture are visually engaged with something or someone outside of the frame. It is impossible totell what they are looking at.Their disengagement with the photographer suggests…

Here Joe Hallen is trying to apply for a job, but is rebuffed when he expresses that he does not see himself making a career out of managing a fast food restaurant.AfterHallen’sasserts that he is qualified for a more skilled position than…

In this first scene,Hallenencounters his sister’s boyfriend,Tremayne, when he enters his mother’s house and find’sTremaynelethargic on the couch.Tremayneappears to be an unemployed freeloader living off the work of…

Here, Joe Hallen is confronted by two members of his black community for being a sell out for enlisting in the army.Because of this rejection from his community and limited job prospects,Hallenreturns to Vietnam for his second tour of duty. This was…

In Chuck Dixon’s comic,The Nam: The Death of JoeHallen,protagonist JoeHallendefies the reality of most African American soldiers’ experience in the Vietnam War. In its initial phases, Marvel’sThe Namwas meant to be a realist…

In the final pages ofSuperman’sGirlfriend Lois Lane: I Am Curious (Black), Dave’s reaction to Lois Lane’s transformation back to white from black highlights the idea of interracial friendship as a means to end racism. In…